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1st Generation
Refers to persons born outside Canada.
Used in Tables:
2nd Generation
Refers to persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada.
Used in Tables:
3rd Generation and Over
Refers to persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada.
Used in Tables:
8 or More Drinks Per Week
This is the percentage of individuals who indicated they drink 8 or more drinks per week calculated based on the sum of each day for the last week.
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A Close Friend
A friend you feel at ease with, can talk to about private matters, and can call on for help.
Used in Tables:
Aboriginal Identity
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, i.e. North American Indian, Métis or Inuit (Eskimo), and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or who were members of an Indian Band or First Nation. In 1991 and previous censuses, Aboriginal persons were determined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's own perception of his/her Aboriginal identity. The 2001 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996.
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Aboriginal Origin
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal origin to the ethnic origin question (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit). Ethnic origin refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent's ancestors belong.
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Above Bachelor's Degree
Refers to the possession of a university certificate or diploma above the bachelor level. Normally, this type of certificate or diploma is obtained following a first degree in the same field of study or by completing a master's or first professional degree. 
Actual Incidents
When a crime is reported to the police, the incident is recorded as a “reported” incident. Police then conduct a preliminary investigation to determine the validity. Occasionally crimes reported to the police prove to be unfounded. Unfounded incidents are subtracted from the number of incidents to produce the number of “actual incidents.”
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After-tax income
Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2000 and 2005.
Used in Tables:
After-tax income of economic families
The sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that family. After-tax income of family members or persons not in families refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.
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After-tax income of households
The sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income of household members refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2005.
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Age Group 1996
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 14, 1996). This variable is derived from date of birth. Grouping were defined through custom tabulation.
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Age Group 2001
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 14, 2001). This variable is derived from date of birth. Grouping were defined through custom tabulation.
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Age of Mother
Refers to age of mother as of the Census year of birth.
Age Specific Death Rate
Age Specific Death Rate is defined as the number of deaths in a given cohort divided by the population for the same cohort and then multiplied by 1000.
Age Specific Fertility Rate
Age-specific fertility rate  (ASFR) is the number of live births per 1,000 females in a specific age group.
Aggravated Sexual Assault
Aggravated Sexual Assault is committed when the complainant in a sexual assault is wounded, maimed, disfigured or, has their life endangered.
Used in Tables:
All Classes of Worker
Refers to the experienced labour force population: persons who were employed or unemployed and persons who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2000.
All Families
Includes husband-wife families as well as lone-parent families, it excludes non-family persons.
Annual Employment Earnings
Total gross annual earnings before taxes and deductions. Based on the respondent's main period of employment. Does not include any transfers from Government such as Employment Insurance or any investment income such as RRSPs.
Annual Rates
These rates are calculated based on the entire year. For example, in order to calculate the annual employment rate, a person is counted as employed if that individual worked in at least one week during the entire year.
Assessed Value of Housing
To value a property for tax purposes whether by an inspection to determine its fair market value or by use of an adjustment multiplier.
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Assessment Agency
The corporation incorporated under the Corporations Act to conduct assessments under this Act.
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Average Couple Family Income
The total income of all the couple families divided by the number of such families. This excludes lone-parent families and non-family persons.
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Average Gross Rent Per Month
Includes rent, electricity, oil, gas, coal, or wood fuels, as well as water and other municipal services. Includes dwellings for which the monthly rent is zero.
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Average Owners' Monthly Payments
This not only includes mortgages but property taxes, condominium fees, electricity, oil, gas, coal, or wood fuels, as well as water and other municipal services. Also includes those dwellings for which the total regular monthly mortgage or loan payments is zero.
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Average Value of Dwellings
This is based on what respondents estimated their homes to be worth.
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Bachelor's Degree Not Completed
Includes those individuals with a university certificate and/or diploma below a bachelor's degree as their highest level of schooling.
Bachelor's Degree or Higher (pop 25-54)
The number of individuals 25 to 54 who have completed University as a percent of the total population 25 to 54.
Began Smoking Daily
The age categories under this heading indicate the age at which respondents began smoking cigarettes daily. The "daily" part is critical since it indicates only those who have smoked daily, either currently or in the past, are included in this question.
British, n.i.e.
"n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere".
Includes responses such as British, Anglo, Celtic, Cornish, Gaelic, Jersey Islander, Manx, United Empire Loyalist, United Kingdom, etc.
Excludes the following groups which were collected as separate responses in 2001: English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh.
Used in Tables:
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Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)

The Canadian Community Health Survey is a cross-sectional survey that collects information related to health status, health care utilization and health determinants for the Canadian population. It is designed to answer two crucial questions:

1. How healthy are Canadians?

2. How healthy is the Canadian health care system?

The CCHS targets persons age 12 years and older living in private dwellings. Excluded from the sample are individuals living on Indian Reserves or Crown Lands, institutional residents, full time members of the Canadian Armed Forces and residents in certain remote areas.


Used in Tables:
Change in Employment
The percent change in the number of people reporting employment income between 1998 and 2003 divided by the number reporting employment income in 1998.
Used in Tables:
Chinese, n.o.s.
The 1996 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' contains all responses of 'Chinese', including 'Mandarin', 'Cantonese' and 'Hakka'. Therefore it is not equivalent to the 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' but rather, equal to the sum of the 2001 categories of 'Chinese, n.o.s.', 'Mandarin', 'Cantonese' and 'Hakka'.
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Confidence Interval

A confidence interval gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter, the estimated range being calculated from a given set of sample data.

If independent samples are taken repeatedly from the same population, and a confidence interval calculated for each sample, then a certain percentage (confidence level) of the intervals will include the unknown population parameter. A confidence level of 95% implies that 95% of all samples would give an interval that includes the population parameter.

The width of the confidence interval gives us some idea about how uncertain we are about the unknown parameter. A very wide interval may indicate that more data should be collected before anything very definite can be said about the parameter.
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Confidence Level
The confidence level is the probability value (1-alpha) associated with a confidence interval.

It is often expressed as a percentage. For example, say alpha = 0.05 = 5%, then the confidence level is equal to (1-0.05) = 0.95, i.e. a 95% confidence level.

If independent samples are taken repeatedly from the same population, and a confidence interval calculated for each sample, then a certain percentage (confidence level) of the intervals will include the unknown population parameter. A confidence level of 95% implies that 95% of all samples would give an interval that includes the population parameter.

Example:
Suppose an opinion poll predicted that, if the election were held today, the Conservative party would win 60% of the vote. The pollster might attach a 95% confidence level to the interval 60% plus or minus 3%. That is, he thinks it very likely that the Conservative party would get between 57% and 63% of the total vote.
Used in Tables:
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Digital Rectal Exam
A digital rectal exam (DRE) is an exam done to detect abnormalities that can be felt (palpated) from within the rectum.

Used in Tables:
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Economic Self-Reliance Ratio

The ratio of market income (of all kinds) to total personal income. For example, for a community that has a self-reliance ratio of 70.0%, this means that of all the income flowing into that community, 70 cents on the dollar came from market sources; the other 30 cents was transfers from government.


Used in Tables:
Employment Insurance (Income Transfer Source, previously Unemployment Insurance)
This comprises all types of benefits paid to individuals under this program, regardless of reason, including regular benefits for unemployment, fishing, job creation, maternity, parental/adoption, retirement, self-employment, sickness, training and work sharing.
Used in Tables:
Employment Rates by Selected Age Groups

Refers to the number of people reporting employment income within a certain age group divided by the total population within that same age group.

Employment income includes wages and salaries, commissions from employment, training allowances, tips and gratuities, self-employment income (net income from business, profession, farming, fishing and commissions) and Indian employment income (new in 1999).
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Ethnic Origin
Refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent's ancestors belong. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.
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Generation Status
Generation status of the respondent, i.e. “1st”, “2nd” or “3rd +” generation, refers to whether the respondent or the respondent’s parents were born in or outside Canada.
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High School or Above (pop 20+)
The number of individuals 20 or more who have completed at least high school as a percent of the total population 20+.
Highest Level of Schooling
Refers to the highest grade or year of elementary or secondary (high) school attended, or to the highest year of university or college education completed. University education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than college education. Also, the attainment of a degree, certificate or diploma is considered to be at a higher level than years completed or attended without an educational qualification.
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Home Language
Refers to the language spoken most often or on a regular basis at home by the individual at the time of the census.
Used in Tables:
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Income Support Assistance Incidence
is the number of people receiving Social Assistance during the year (including dependents) divided by the total population.
Used in Tables:
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Knowledge of Official Languages
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither of the official languages of Canada.
Used in Tables:
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Life Expectancy (estimated)
The average number of years a person is expected to live at birth, based on death rates in 1996.
Used in Tables:
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Major Field of Study
Main subject area of the person's highest degree, certificate or diploma after high school. This refers to the subject in which the person obtained the most advanced degree, certificate or diploma that he or she holds at the postsecondary level.
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Mammogram
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. It is a method of detecting breast cancers that cannot be felt. Mammograms are done with a special type of x-ray machine that is used only for this purpose.
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Migration Rate
The Migration Rate from 1991 to 1996 is the total net migration (in minus out) during this period divided by the population in 1991. This gives the rate at which people are either entering (positive migration) or leaving (negative migration) an area of interest.
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Mother Tongue
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.
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Multiple responses
Represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the Total population - Multiple responses category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the Scottish - Multiple responses category and counted once in the English - Multiple responses category.
Used in Tables:
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Other Aboriginal Multiple Origins
Includes those who reported multiple Aboriginal origins or multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal origins to the ethnic origin question.
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Other languages
This is a subtotal of all non-official languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here.
Used in Tables:
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Pap Smear
A pap smear is a medical procedure that involves collecting a sample of cells from a woman's cervix and examining them under a microscope. It is used to detect cervical cancer.
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Population change

This is the difference in population between two years divided by the population in the earlier year.
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Proxy Interview
In cases where the selected respondent was, for reasons of physical or mental health, incapable of completing an interview, another knowledgeable member of the household provided information about the selected respondent.
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PSA blood test
PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood.
Used in Tables:
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Secondary (High) School Graduation Certificate
Refers to the possession of a secondary (high) school graduation certificate or its equivalent, regardless of whether or not other educational qualifications were held.
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Self-Assessed Mental Health Status
An individual's own assessment of his or her own mental health. Classified by asking an individual to rank their mental health into one of five categories: excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.
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Single responses
Represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.
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Social Assistance (Income Transfer Source)
This includes payments made in the year on the basis of a means, needs or income test (whether made by an organized charity or under a government program). The value is reported on line 145 of the personal income tax return. Available only since 1994 ( previously included in "Non-taxable Income").
Used in Tables:
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Total Market Incomes
This is income from: employment income, investment income, dividend income, interest income, RRSP income, private pensions and other income (net rental income, alimony, income from a limited partnership, retiring allowances, scholarships, amounts received through a supplementary unemployment benefit plan (guaranteed annual income plan), payments from income-averaging annuity contracts, as well as all other taxable income not included elsewhere. Beginning with the 1992 data, this variable also includes the imputed income of imputed spouses, as derived from the tax return of the filing spouse.)
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Trades and College Certificates or Diplomas
Refers to the possession of either a trades certificate or diploma, or college certificate or diploma, or both, regardless of whether other educational qualifications are held or not. This variable also indicates whether or not a secondary (high) school graduation certificate was reported.
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Visible Minority
Under the Employment Equity Act, members of visible minorities are persons, other than Aboriginal persons, who are not white in race or colour.
Used in Tables:
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Youth Retention Rate (10-14)
Youth Retention Rate (10-14) is defined as 15-19 year olds in the current year, as a percentage of 10-14 year olds 5 years prior.
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An initiative of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
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